College admission - why my rank dropped (2 to 31) and my GPA dropped Essay

College admission - why my rank dropped (2 to 31) and my GPA dropped from 4.0+ to 3.7 - change of school - Essay Example ore, I learned advanced scientific concepts in "Evolution, Biodiversity, and Ecology†, â€Å"Scientific Inquiries - Chemistry", â€Å"Scientific Inquiries - Physics", â€Å"Methods in Scientific Inquiry†, and â€Å"Mathematical Investigations III & IV†. IMSA classes are rigorous college preparatory courses (AP), with all classes being taught at the honors level. Unfortunately, I had to transfer to my home school on Dec 5 2012, 5 days before the completion of first semester of junior year at IMSA due to health reasons. According to IMSA policy, I could not get credit for the rigorous college preparatory courses, since I did not complete the semester. Moreover, Glenbard South could not transfer credits for courses taken at IMSA during 3 months (Aug -Dec). I had to study the Glenbard South syllabus on my own and complete it in 3 weeks’ time, which was overwhelmingly challenging. I completed first semester syllabus in AP Calculus BC, AP Chemistry, AP English Literature, and Composition in record 3 weeks’ time. Self-study, limited time, and difficulty of curriculum limited my scoring in the subjects to B+. This affected my GPA such that I dropped from rank 3 to rank 31 in a batch of 317 students. Additionally, Glenbard South did not have the equivalent advanced curriculum course titles to match courses taken at IMSA in sophomore year, which affected my GPA further. Therefore, my class rank and GPA calculated is not the appropriate reflection of Honors Course Curriculum, I had taken at IMSA. However, I derive satisfaction from the fact that I secured admission in one of the most competitive public high school and studied advanced curriculum that helped me prepare for the college. My SAT scores reflect my great potential since I managed to score 730 in Chemistry, 800 in Mathematics and 700 in English. I therefore believe that I have a greater potential than my GPA reflects. Given the chance, I can demonstrate that I am indeed a perfect candidate for Ivy League

Why Do Good Guys Finish Last and Good Girls Like Bad Boys Research Paper

Why Do Good Guys Finish Last and Good Girls Like Bad Boys - Research Paper Example The Dark Triad personality is a highly visible, extroverted, charismatic, and antisocial personality that preys on normal people to feed their egotistical imbalances. This creates maladaptive relationships that cause great emotional pain and suffering long after the relationship is ended. Dark Triad personalities are particularly drawn to co-dependent personalities that take care of them and feed their egos. What the media glorifies as the most desirable type of partner is, in reality, a dysfunctional one. Healthy relationships that are emotionally fulfilling and long lasting depend on them being composed of healthy partners; not dysfunctional ones. Why Do Good Guys Finish Last and Good Girls Like Bad Boys It always seems like the good guys finish last and the good girls like the bad boys; why is that? Throughout history there are so many accounts of relationships where one was destructive and the other was nearly sainted. It’s often said that opposites attract, yet how is it that those opposites also nearly destroy each other in the relationship process? The dating process is aimed at bringing compatible people together, yet what often happens is that compatibility is based on something other than normal relations. The fact that good guys finish last is largely due to the fact that good girls like bad boys. What’s the attraction? What makes a nice girl choose someone who either cheats on her or hurts her in one way or another? Why do so many women put up with that? It almost seems like a nice guy can’t win. There is a term, the Dark Triad of Personality, (Paulhus, Williams, & Hare, 2002) that was created in the late 20th century to describe a group of three distinctly different, yet related personality traits Machiavellianism, narcissism, and subclinical psychopathy. All three are exploitative, short-term and socially negative. People with this personality triad are very attractive, charismatic people who, for some reason, never seem to la ck for either excitement, or someone to share it with. They are people who view the world in terms of how it benefits them, favoring immediate gratification over the sacrifice of waiting for long term gains. This relationship personality is described as having an arrogant and deceitful interpersonal style, deficient affective experience, and, impulsive and irresponsible behavioral style. (Jonason, Kavanaugh, 2010) Individuals who have the Dark Triad personality prefer a short-term style of relating; they keep people at an emotional distance through game playing and cerebral approach to personal relationships. The game playing approach is what is known as ludus; these relationships are marked by high turn over of partners; a cat and mouse kind of game. The pragma approach is a cerebral style where relationships are mind or head oriented instead of involving the heart. People in these kinds of relationships have limited abilities to show empathy; their emotional systems don’t p rocess the flow of the relationship. These relationships are superficial, often practical, and usually based on eros as opposed to agape. They are not long lasting, fulfilling relationships, just a means to an end. There is very little closeness, selflessness, or intimacy. It is thought these individuals experienced little empathy and caring, as well as having inconsistent early childhood interactions with caregivers. Twin studies have shown moderate-to-large inherited traits for both narcissism and psychopathy, and a smaller genetic influence on Machiavellianism; largely due to environmental factors. (Jonason & Kavanaugh, 2010) Numerous researchers have agreed that there are five common personality indicators through which all personalities can be described; they

John Stuart Mill Essay Example for Free

John Stuart Mill Essay In the ethical simulation Aaron Web an employee in the IT department of the company we worked for wrote a blog about some confidential information within in our company. It is against company policy for employees to release confidential information about our company. In this company it is my duty not to reward employees who violate the code of conduct or break the law, to honor employees right to free expression even when they are critical of the company, and to ensure that privileged information about the company is not made public. After some investigation and an anonymous tip from another employee that hacked into Aaron’s home computer I decided that it would be best for our company to let Aaron go, because I felt that simply letting him off with a warning would not send a strong enough message to him and other employees about the seriousness of breaking company policy. Although Jamal Moore who I was told is a good employee and was diligent in investigating the situation to prove that our company network is not secure enough I thought it was best to let him go as well, because hacking into another employee’s personal computer is also against company policy and two wrongs do not make a right, nor did I think it would be ethical to fire one person for breaking company policy and not another. Personally I would have preferred to let Jamal off with a warning, because his supervisor did tell me that he is a good employee, and without the information he provided it would have been hard to catch Aaron, but to protect the company from a law suit I thought it was best to let him go as well. It was more important for me to think of what would be best for the company as a whole using Utilitarian ethics which focuses on the greater good for the greatest number of people in the company as well as Consequentialist Ethics which focuses on the consequences of a decision or action. I had to think about how other employee’s would react if this situation was taken lightly, as well as the reputation of our company. I didn’t want the situation to be taken lightly, because I wanted to send a message to any employee working for our company that it is not ok to break company policy for any reason, and I wanted our shareholders to feel that their investment is being protected at all costs. It does personally bother me that I had to make such a drastic decision that may negatively affect the lives of 2 people, but I felt the need to make that decision to make sure that something like this doesn’t happen again. At my job at the West Palm Beach Veteran’s Hospital my supervisor has a no nonsense approach to employees being late, because in the past she has seen that if one person gets away with it there is usually someone one else that might try it, and not only does it make the company look bad, but it effects productivity. Doing this ethics simulation showed me how hard it can be to make ethical decisions in the work place, because they don’t always agree with your personal ethical values. One personal experience where my personal ethical belief did not agree with the policy at my job is when a patient in a wheel chair had to be at another appointment within in the hospital, and needed assistance getting there so that he would not be late. As a medical support assistant it is my job to call aid and assistance to come pick the patient up to take him to is next appointment. It is against company policy to assist in moving a patient unless you are a part of the clinical staff. I know that the people that work in aid and assistant are usually late to pick patients up for their next appointment, and didn’t want te patient to be late, because in many cases when a patient is more than 15 minute their appointment is cancelled. I would have liked to help him get to his appointment, but I did not want disciplinary action taken against me if my supervisory discovered that I had left my desk without consent. Although I was not able to physically help the patient I was able to call the clinic where his next appointment was located and let them know that he might be running a little late. Although I felt it was not ethical for me to not be able to help the patient get to his next appointment I understood why it was company policy, and I followed the rules, but still found a way to help the best I could. I think that there are a lot of things we have to take into account when making ethical decisions, and doing the ethics simulation showed me how to evaluate situation in more depth to reach a decision that is best for everyone involved.

A Christians Experience In A Mosque Religion Essay

A Christians Experience In A Mosque Religion Essay I am a Christian by personal faith, genetics and through circumstance of being raised in the church. I have been a Christian so long that any other religion to me is of little concern to me personally. But, I do not say this to be mean because I have many friends of different religions, beliefs and races. Whatever they believe in is fine with me and vice versa. I decided to go to a mosque with my best friend since fourth grade since she is a Muslim. I learned a lot more than I originally thought and this is my journey. Humama and I have been best friends since fourth grade. My family and hers are close despite one being Christian and the other Muslim. To each other we are people, friends, and religion does not define our relationship. I asked Humama to come with me to the mosque downtown on King Street because I would feel more comfortable being with someone who knew what was going on. We decided to go on a Friday, which is their holy day. Before leaving her house in Goose Creek, we performed ritual called a Wudu. It is washing of body parts important to performing formal prayers, called Salah. She said that there is a station at the mosque for it, or they use a sink for it but it would be easier to do it before we left home. She gave me a blue outfit to wear with a matching veil to cover everything from our wrists to our ankles for modesty and respect. On the drive downtown, bundled up in a beautiful outfit completely out of my normal form of dressing, I wondered how I would be greeted and how I would be changed by this. I have walked and drove past the mosque on King Street many times. After living downtown for almost a year, you would have to be blind not to notice it. It sits there on the corner of King and Romney street, quiet and not architecturally designed like the mosques I have seen in pictures. It is simplistic in its design for its purpose. We parked and walked to the mosque and I noticed people of different races entering the mosque which surprised me. There were Blacks, Whites, and many people of Middle Eastern descent. There were young people, old people and all seemed unified in their beliefs of Allah. We entered the mosque and entered a quick prayer to bless the mosque. The prayer had not started yet, so Humama introduced me to other Muslims in the hallway. My anxiety was easing somewhat speaking to others that did not seem to mind I was there, despite being a Christian. Before entering the actual mosque, Humama and I took off our shoes to show another form of respect. Humama and I sat facing Mecca, after speaking for a few minutes to the others, she said we could offer other quick prayers while waiting for the sermon to start. I realized for the first time that the men and women were separated in the mosque. The men were in the front and the women in the back, though we could still see everything. I noticed that there were two rows of chairs and I saw that the handicapped or men of importance sat there. I sat beside Humama thinking, this is kind of unfair having to sit all the way in back and not among the men. In my church you sit anywhere, but I pulled the thought back, to not judge but participate in her faith. To get my mind off it, I thought to myself that I really enjoyed not having my shoes on since I am somewhat bohemian. Humama informed me we were waiting for the Imam, the preacher and leader of the mosque, to come out and preach which is called the Pre-Prayer. She informed that the Imam would usually come out and give a sermon on whatever he wished to or tell a religious story. He would later in the sermon connect the meaning of it to his sermon. I became a little impatient waiting for the Imam to come out, but she reassured me that he would be out shortly. After five more minutes he walked out and reality finally set in that I was completely out of my depth. The Imam, whose actual name is Mohamed Melhem did not look like a preacher to me. He seemed like a regular man yet easy to talk to. He began the sermon by welcoming everyone to the mosque and praising Allah. He was easy to listen to and to understand. He gave a sermon on serving Allah and fasting. That by fasting you gain a closer relationship with Allah. Allah is there for us and there is only one. Prayer should be consistent (they pray five times per day) and that the Quran is there to guide us. He spoke of being a Muslim in the world, that all aspects of being a Muslim should be retained once leaving the mosque. As a Muslim, your ethics and how you stick to them in the world shows how Allah is working through you. I noticed that everyone seemed in awe and took in every word he said. They seemed completely devoted to listening to the Imam speak about this, because by looking at them you could tell some found themselves again by being among peers like themselves. After finishing the sermon, the Adhan or Azan, did a call to prayer. Everyone listened and moved forward face down listening to the Azan pray. After the prayer was finished, some people continued to pray and others got up to socialize. The mosque offered food to us to raise money for the mosque. The food was similar to what I had eaten before at Humamas house and it was delicious. I do not remember the names of the food, but it did not matter at the time. Everyone socialized for about an hour and a half and some continued to speak about Allah, others about school and work. Some people were coming in late having just got off work to come in at the right time to pray. Leaving the mosque, I felt a little different. The peace of praying with others who get along despite your race. The sacredness of leaving the world outside and finding yourself again when entering the mosque. Facing Mecca and everyone praying in one direction and at one time. They all believe the same way and it shows why they have such a strong community. No one is trying to pull away and do their own thing. It made me feel closer to my own God, and that it makes life easier knowing that essentially we all have the same belief in one God, despite the different ways we worship. I gained a closer relationship with my best friend and with my God and that really changed me.

The Effects of Government Spending and Borrowing Essay examples -- Gov

The Effects of Government Spending and Borrowing Government borrowing can be inflationary because the government borrows from banks, which increases the money supply. Banks assume that consumers will not take more than 10% of their savings out and on that basis are able to lend to the government. This increases the money supply because the government has borrowed from the bank but the consumer’s savings stay the same and therefore there is more money in circulation. According to monetarist beliefs an increase in the money supply will directly increase inflation. Inflation can lead to unemployment, as people demand less due to higher prices and therefore demand for labor maybe decreased. Inflation also creates uncertainty for entrepreneurs, cost curves increase and revenue can decrease thus squeezing profits. Also when inflation is in the mind of the entrepreneur it can escalate easily as they will take inflationary actions like automatically increase prices and therefore it is imperative government spending/borrowing is controlled. Although government borrowing does increase the money supply, the monetarist view of a direct link between money supply and inflation is wrong, as proved when Britain experienced recession under Margaret Thatcher. In order to control the money supply the government cut borrowing and spending, which in theory would reduce the money supply, inflation and unemployment but interest rates had to rise to stop consumer borrowing, which in turn increased the exchange rate. High interest rates curbed consumer borrowing, which reduces demand for products, along with a high exchange rate ruining demand for exports ... ...ector borrowing is not the enemy of unemployment. If the government borrows too much then there will have to be increases in taxes, mainly corporation tax and this will also contribute to some unemployment, but the public sector does help employment in some ways. Education and training (funded by the government) provides a skilled, desirable workforce, which will encourage British firms to employ British workers instead of looking for other skilled workers in an increasingly globalized world. The National Health Service also reduces the amount of residual unemployed and therefore contributes to keeping employment levels high. Government borrowing should only occur if for investment purposes and if it will be repaid over the cycle, otherwise it destroys entrepreneur confidence and eventually leads to unemployment.

This Life Time Has 42048000 Minutes :: essays research papers

Listen up soldiers, we have a crisis on our hands. A silent army has been built up over hundreds of years and is the most deadly enemy we have ever had to face. This enemy you people have known since the day you were brought into this world. You are face to face with this enemy every day, unknowing that every step you take, every move you make, and every decision you face is contributing somehow to this army’s strength. In case you haven’t noticed yet, ladies and gentlemen, this enemy is ourselves. Slowly and surely we are destroying animals, ourselves and most importantly the only planet we have, Earth. You have probably all heard this speech a thousand times before, and well if this has to be the 1001 before we get off our lazy, self-destructing asses and do something to fix it, so be it! I admit I’m no better than the rest of you at the simple things in everyday life that are destroying this planet, but the whole issue pisses me off. Our whole existence revolves around money, and our personal benefit. We have forgotten how to do things for others, how to help the planet and, in turn, how to benefit the species. The fact is simple people, we’re killing ourselves. Many, however, don’t notice it. They believe what they’re doing is either beneficial, or that they are too small to do anything about it. Well most of them are right, most of us fall under some sort of higher power, which means that the root of the problems are mainly the governments. Don’t think that this is leading into one of those x-filesy, conspiracy theory type lectures, however if you’d like to call it that, I wont be one to judge. I do believe the governments know how to prevent and stop much of the problems in our world today. For example, it’s a widely known fact that we have the technology to use water instead of gas for cars, but the government wont allow production because they get money off gas, and to them it’s more important than a clean environment, more important than contaminating the water, or killing off animals because of the pollution even when the money they ge t from the gas ends up being put back into trying to control these problems anyway. And who was the guy who thought that burning fossil fuels would be a good source of energy anyway?

Stephen King Ars Poetica on Horror

Danse Macabre, he views Lovecraft as a major impact in the field of dark horror fiction writing and also acknowledges the fact that King himself considered him as a major source of inspiration, which was embedded In his style of writing. When he reminisces about how he got Introduced to the genre, he states that his first pick of the countless texts happened to be one of Lovecraft's short stones. King mentions, that although many consider this writer as a hack. hat could be clearly seen from his writings is that â€Å"the man himself took his work eriously*' (Danse Macabre 1 17), Based on the excellent horror works that Lovecraft produced, Stephen King shares the belief, that the most powerful horrors could only work, if the reader felt the weight of the size of the universe and the contradictory size of one individual, and these works implied such not mentioned forces so powerful, that they could â€Å"destroy us all If they so much as grunted In their sleep† (Danse Macabre 80).This, as a matter of fact, Is the basis for all xenophobic tales and serves as a basis tor creating the scary atmosphere and which Lovecraft efers to as ‘cosmic fear'. We have established that a working piece of macabre is one that has the ability to create a connection with our feeling of fear. However, this cannot stand by itself and it is the writer's responsibility to portray these embodiments.A great amount of imagination is essential from the reader's part for the piece of horror to work, King however looks at imagination both as a blessing and a curse (Danse Macabre x), since people with a massive Imagination are the sanest, most down-to-earth people, they are clear on the dangers posed on our everyday Ilfe rom almost any direction. King refers to this phenomenon as ‘seeing in darker spectrums' (Danse Macabre x), which is a healthy outlook on the world, healthier than the so-called ‘ostrich policy', where one acts as if the problem is non-existent.That i s why he Jokingly mentions readers of horror as ‘sick, but lively puppies' (Danse Macabre x). Accepting the fact that threats are all around us one makes it easier to go on with life, since this can be viewed as accepting our mortality and not being clouded by delusions of Invlnclblllty. However, merely reallzlng the dangers Is not ufficient, one has to watch out not to go to extremes: because neither could work, both ends of the extreme reject something vitally important to our everyday life.That is why it is Imperative to find a balance between reality and imagination. And since readers of horror have a pretty stable mindset despite the topics they are reading about, we can agree with King when he calls readers of horror saner the average person (Danse Macabre Why Horror Is Needed To some extent every person needs horror In their life according to King. He believes that by exposing ourselves to unreal and fearful scenarios through different media, e exert a therapy that is m ost beneficial to our healthy mindset.King mentions in his foreword of his short story collection Night Shift, that many view the love of horror as an unhealthy obsession. He calls it ‘slowing down and looking at the accident' syndrome (3), because people are curious by nature, always looking for stories and answers, even though they may not find one. And when the time comes that one has to Tina tne answer, It may not De solved alone.I nat Is wny Klng says tnat norror fiction is a ‘safety valve, a kind of dreaming awake' (Danse Macabre x), which means hat it is used to let pressure out, since as he says ‘the world of our normal lives looks ever so much better when the bad dream ends'. We take refuge in make-believe terrors, we know evil is lurking around and seeing it come to life reassures us of the fact, that we are not paranoid and there are other people out there who think alike about the dangers in our everyday lives. It is a battle one has to fght with a real life emotion by oneself.But a horror fiction can only work if the reader is personally touched. ‘They grope into our subconscious minds, and find the things so terrible we annot articulate them and confront them' (Danse Macabre xi), which is in Stephen King's opinion a definition of horror of good quality and what every artist should strive to achieve when creating a tale that was meant to scare. By stimulating our ‘psychological pressure point' (Danse Macabre 86) as he calls it – usually in connection with our own mortality – writers might be able to evoke the type of fear that King is trying to describe.This however has to be done not on a direct level, but with the use of symbols in the horror piece. The writers strive to create a dream-like tmosphere in hopes of illustrating or recreating the nature of their problem in the reader's mind. Dreams are volatile forms of coping, unless it hits the ‘pressure points', the impact might not be as deep and it might be forgotten in a short amount of time. As King puts it: [A great horror story is] one that functions on a symbolic level, using fictional (and sometimes supernatural) events to help us understand our own deepest real fears (Danse Macabre xi).He emphasizes ‘understand' here and avoids saying ‘know', because if one is introduced to it without actually having the roper background explained; one would lack the ability to confront it or would not be able to come up with a plan to tackle it. Only supernatural elements, however, make it harder for the reader to exercise their suspension of disbelief; another essential tool has to be integrated, which is none other than realistic elements. In his book King mentions, that he particularly remembers a movie, which had a great impact on him: The Blair Witch Project.Since it is a movie, it has visuals to work with as well as music, and although it was made with a small budget, it looked and it felt eal, according to King. Although in the movie itself there is not much action and we do not see the witch, Just by placing it in a very realistic environment, it made the film believably true, further supporting the idea of realism as a ground for suspense. But making a good horror is hard, since the genre and the audience are constantly changing in the sense that new topics need to be introduced every once in a while.Horror writing is a very volatile and delicate form of art, says King, and it is in constant need of innovation. What worked once may not work again, â€Å"catching ightning in a bottle†, revisiting the same ideas may wear out after a time (Danse Macabre xii). As time passes the object of people's fears are changing, while at the same time it stays the same on an instinctive level, that is why horror writers need to invent new ways to make us fear the unknown and to let us indulge in its dark atmosphere.Horror works on two levels: ‘gross-out' level, meaning the distasteful images and the horrid monsters in the tale, and on a more potent level, describing horror as a kind of dance, a slow rhythmic search for our deepest level of emotions, he simple and brutally plane hole of a Stone Age cave-dweller (Danse Macabre 218). I nls Is Daslcally slmllar to wnat LovecraTt was trylng to explaln In nls essay, tne instinctive fear that has been present since people exist.So we can conclude that the definition of a real danse macabre is when the creator of a horror story is able to unite the conscious and the subconscious mind with one potent idea, usually with a dash of realism and an equal amount of supernatural used, so that the readers can still rely on their suspension of disbelief. Is Horror Art? We have established, that for a good horror to be written, many elements have to be in place. And that raises the question: is horror a form of art.Although this is a yes- no question, the answer to this is not as simple as it looks like. Not every piece of this genre can be viewed as a form of art, because several elements have to work together to create a good horror story. King goes ahead and claims that since it was composed like a piece of music or painting, and it was looking for something that would predate art: phobic pressure points (Danse Macabre 18), then we can safely all horror an art form. This point of view might be a bit biased; King himself admits that he is an avid fan of the genre.He does agree with the fact that some narratives are not as well thought out as they should be, but he does not mention that by doing so, they are failing to fulfill their primary purpose of introducing readers to their own fears. Carroll on the other hand has a more critical approach on the subject: he agrees that it might as well be an artistic genre, but generalization of it should be avoided (38). He calls horror a â€Å"concept with fuzzy and perhaps developing oundaries†, which basically suggests that it does not require a tight definition.W e could try and categorize horror by how well it exerts the phobic pressure point idea. Most works are able to find the so-called national phobic pressure points – which as the name suggests, is not aimed at the individual, it is experienced on a grander scale -, most successful pieces of horror media always plays upon and express fears which exist across a wide spectrum of people, fears often political, economic, and psychological rather than supernatural. In connection to this phenomenon King entions the time, when the movie version of Invasion of the Body Snatchers came out.The motion picture had come out at the time of the Red Scare, when people were afraid that their close friends or even relatives might be communists. The movie tells the story of an everyday American little town, with everyday American people who are slowly being replaced by pod-people, who look and act like the switched humans. We can see the parallelism between the two and although Finney, whose book was the one that got adapted into film format, claimed that the story itself was written ithout any intent of a political undertone.But because of the timing, it has emerged as one of the most well-known horror tales. Another example of well-timed symbolism that has affected big audiences would be the emerging of the zombie culture. Taking a look at the historical overview, we can determine that this fad has been gaining ground since the terrorist-scare in America. The image of ruthless, animalistic, seemingly unstoppable beings that only know how to kill and hunt people without remorse would be exactly how the American government tries to depict errorists.We can agree that applying pressure on the national phobic pressure points work, still, King raises an interesting paradox about the issue: it is a generally accepted idea that negative emotions are usually associated with ‘mob instincts', when in reality these are what drive wedges between individuals, and then we are lett alone wltn our Tears, ana In Tact tney ao not unlte us. Yurtnermore ne asks wny we need make-believe horror when there is so much real horror going on in life (Danse Macabre 27).Or putting it another way: why people need stories of isintegration, Just to, by outletting our pent up emotions, bring them back to a constructive state again. The answer is right there in the question, to help people cope with the harshness of reality in the form of entertainment. this feeling of reintegration, arising from a field specializing in death, fear, and monstrosity, that makes a danse macabre so rewarding and magical†¦ that, and the boundless ability of the human imagination to create endless dream worlds and then put them to work† (Danse Macabre 28) – explains Stephen King why he chose this particular media to express himself.

Explain for Which Reasons the Real Wage Is Expected

Explain for which reasons the real wage is expected to be acyclical in the classical model, countercyclical in The Keynesian Model and Procyclical in the New Keynesian model. Which model better fits the empirical evidence? Introduction The concept of real wages has increasing significance in the current world. Rising inflation and recession in almost all major economies have led to the importance of studying real wage with respect to prices and economies themselves. Such a study would require an in-depth understanding of the business cycle of real wages.From Classical theory to New Keynesian theory, Cyclicality of real wage has been defined in contrasting terms. Much of the conflicting evidence is simply characteristic of empirical research. Researchers use different model specifications and estimation techniques. Empirical results are often sensitive to the choice of cyclical indicators and time period chosen (Dimelis, 2007). This essay seeks to explain why real wage is expected to be acyclical in the classical model, counter-cyclical in the Keynesian model and procyclical in the New Keynesian model and shed light on which model best fits empirical evidence.Real Wage Real wage is defined as the â€Å"wage paid to the average worker divided by the price level. †(Delong and Olney,2006 p. 535) It therefore measures the cost of labour in real terms as it is the number of units of output that can be exchanged for one time-based unit of work. (Levacic and Rebmann, 1982) The Classical Model In the classical model, the basic assumption is that prices and wages are flexible. The basis of classical theory is that the markets work perfectly, that prices adjust rapidly to cover any gap that may arise due to a difference in the quantities demanded and supplied. Delong and Olney,2006) The classical model thus assumes full employment, i. e. the actual output matches the potential output of the economy. Since prices are flexible, an increase in the supply of labour wil l lead to a deficit in the demand, as a result some workers will become unemployed, and some of the unemployed will offer their labour at a lower wage in an attempt to secure employment. As a result, those employed will also lower their wages causing the wage to decline relative to price level P, and real wage to fall.Due to the law of diminishing returns of marginal product of labour, as real wage falls, firms wishing to maximize their profit will employ more workers leading to an automatic adjustment of the labour market which is once again at equilibrium. In the case of demand exceeding supply, firms will offer higher wages to attract workers which will cause the real wage to rise. As a result other firms will reduce their labour such that the demand equals the supply again, and the labour market is at equilibrium.Thus real wage, in the classical model ,its movement is independent of the direction of growth of economy and is thus said to be acyclical. (Delong and Olney,2006; Mank iw, 2003) Though few empirical studies support the theory that wages are acyclical, most critics pointed out that many wages and prices are not flexible and it is this inflexibility that explains both the existence of unemployment and the non-neutrality of money (Mankiw,2003) .Gamber and Joutz(2001) in their paper ‘Real wages over the business cycle’ studied the movement of real wage with respect to labour supply,demand ,aggregate demand and oil prices and concluded that increases in oil prices and reduced hours had little impact on the real wage thus making real wage acyclical. This could be true of the data studied, however many researchers including Solon et al (1994) have questioned evidence that claimed real wage to be acyclical, saying that a compositional bias tends to mask the true cyclical behaviour of a particular group’s real wage.The Keynesian Model While the classical model is only appropriate when wages and prices are flexible, it provides a simplif ied analysis of how the economy works. A more realistic model is however the Keynesian model which is very different from the classical model in many ways. To begin with, the model does not guarantee full employment and the actual output does not always equal potential output which is due to the basic assumption that prices and wages are â€Å"sticky†. That is, they will not move freely and rapidly in response to a change in demand or supply. (Delong and Olney, 2006)The reasons behind sticky prices have been identified by many economists; some explanations given include the impact of implicit contracts which involve non variable wages together with a probability of layoff, without appealing to risk averse behaviour (Levacic and Rebmann, 1982). Another simplified explanation is that managers and workers find re negotiating wages costly or they lack sufficient information. The problem of â€Å"money illusion† is also a possible explanation where workers and managers over look the effect of price level changes when assessing the impact of changes in wages or prices on their real income. Delong and Olney,2006) In the Keynesian model, if there is a decline in a consumer’s propensity to consume, there will be a fall in expenditure for goods. However, there is no change on the spending on investment goods, flow of exports or government expenditure. When firms see the spending on their products declining, they will reduce the production rather than prices since prices are sticky to avoid accumulating unsold inventory. When firms reduce their production, naturally they will fire some of the workers since workers will not reduce their wages (as they are sticky).This leads to an overall drop in the national income, which as a result of the multiplier effect is greater than the decline in consumer spending. (Delong and Olney, 2006) Keynes’ theory assumes that there is a negative correlation between real wage and output or employment, i. e. that real wage in the Keynesian model is counter-cyclical (Blanchard and Fisher, 1989). Some empirical data supports this behaviour, Swanson(2007, p. 33), in his paper says that â€Å"anecdotal evidence from the Great Depression and the 1920–21 contraction strongly suggests that real wages were countercyclical during these episodes: e. . , â€Å"[Benjamin] Strong wanted to wait until wage rates were lower. He noted that deposits had fallen off considerably, retail prices had fallen moderately, wholesale prices precipitously [56%], but wages had hardly been affected (Friedman and Schwartz (1963) as cited in Swanson (2007), p. 33). † Swanson (2007, p. 34)also notes that â€Å"workers’ wages have been counter cyclical over both the post-War and post-1967 period when those wages are deflated by the price index of the worker’s own 2-digit or 4-digit industry and compared to the state of economic activity in that same industry. And studies using data disaggregated by industry have shown a rather countercyclical behaviour for the US (Mehra, 1982; Burda, 1985 as cited in Dimelis, 1997 p. 312)) Although the Keynesian model was a more realistic model, it was criticised for its lack of clarity on how the labour market, and equilibrium is attained. This led to the development of New Keynesian Economics. (Mankiw, 2003) New Keynesian Model Partly due to criticism of Keynesian Economics, New Keynesian Economics was developed.The new Keynesian model tries to explain how wages and prices behave in the short run by identifying the market imperfections that make them sticky and cause the economy to shift from its natural state. (Mankiw, 2003) In other words, it uses micro foundations to explain macroeconomic effects. The model, like the Keynesian model builds on the assumptions of sticky wages and prices with the traditional model of aggregate demand and supply and tries to provide a better explanation of why wages and prices are sticky in the first plac e.It proposes that small costs of adjustment or rigidities can have large macroeconomic effects. (Mankiw, 2003). Blanchard and Gali (2005, p. 10)assume that â€Å"real wages respond sluggishly to labor market conditions, as a result of some (unmodelled) imperfection or friction in labor markets. † It also assumes that real wages of the current period to some extent depend on the real wage of the previous period. And that current inflation is the result of decisions based on news about future demand and cost conditions obtained in previous periods, in addition to current information.A consequence of that â€Å"distributed lag† property is the emergence of inertia in inflation. (Blanchard and Gali, 2005) Real wages are procyclical and are thus positively correlated with the output, they rise as output rises (above its natural level) and fall as output declines (relative to its natural level). This is because nominal wages are positively correlated with the business cycle , while prices in the New Keynesian model are sticky. (Mankiw, 2003) In the above explanation of the classical and Keynesian model, there is some empirical evidence that supports the behaviour real wage as acyclical and counter-cyclical.However, there are a larger number of studies that conclude that real wage generally exhibits procyclical behaviour ( Keane, et al. (1988);Kydland and Prescott (1989);Solon et al. (1994);Peng and Siebert(2008)). According to Blanchard and Fisher(1989, p. 19), real wage is weakly procyclical, showing a positive correlation between real wage and output but being â€Å"statistically insignificant†. However, Solon et al. (1994) found the aggregate real wage to be significantly procyclical and in a further investigation found that micro study of the same data revealed stronger procyclicality of real wage than that revealed by aggregate data. Kandil and Woods, 2002) Several empirical studies of real wage cyclicality of various countries such as Germ any(Dimelis, 1997), Italy(Peng and Siebert, 2008) and USA( Solon et al. , 1994; Kandil and Woods, 2002) conclude that real wage is more procyclical in nature. One can draw the conclusion that, real wage, as supported by empirical evidence, is procyclical, whether it is weakly procyclical or significantly so. Conclusion It can thus be concluded that, the three models explained differ in many aspects particularly their explanation of the behaviour of real wage.Studies have been undertaken to understand the cyclicality of real wage with respect to real market conditions, and although some studies support that real wage is acyclical and counter-cyclical, a larger number of studies show that real wage is procyclical on an average. On a micro level as well, real wage has shown strong procyclicality. As mentioned before, the great variance of results in the study of real wage could be a result of the different techniques employed for research, the sample of data studied or if the study was aggregate based or disaggregate based.Thus, while the Classical and Keynesian models are applicable in certain cases, the new Keynesian model is appropriate for many of the prevalent markets or economies. References Blanchard, O. J & Fisher, S, 1989, Lectures on Macroeconomics, MIT press Blanchard, O. J. and Gali, J. , Real Wage Rigidities and the New Keynesian Model (October 31, 2005). MIT Department of Economics Working Paper No. 05-28; FRB Boston Working Paper No. 05-14. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn. com/abstract=842285 Delong , J. B & Olney, M.L, 2006, Macroeconomics, Second Edition, New York: Mcgraw-Hill/Irwin Dimelis, S. P, 1997, ‘Cyclical and causal relations between real wages and employment in the EU', Applied Economics,Vol: 29: 3, p. 311-324 Gamber, E. N. ; Joutz, F. L. , Real Business over the Business Cycle, Eastern Economic Journal, Summer 1997, v. 23, iss. 3, pp. 277-91 Kandil, M & Woods, J. G, 2002, ‘Employment composition and the cyclical behaviour of the aggregate real wage', Applied Economics, Vol: 34: 6, p. 689-708 Keane, M. , Mofitt, R. nd Runkle, D. E. (1988) Real wages over the business cycle: estimating the impact of heterogeneity with micro data, Journal of Political Economy, Vol: 96, p. 1232- 66. Kydland, F. E. and Prescott, E. C. (1989) Cyclical movements of the labour input and its implicit real wage. Research Department Working Paper 413, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Levacic, R & Rebmann, A, 1982, Macroeconomics-An introduction to Keynesian-neoclassical controversies, Second Edition, Hampshire: Macmillan press Mankiw, N.G, 2003, Macroeconomics, Fifth Edition, New York: Worth Publishers Peng,F. & Siebert, S. W , 2008,Real wage Cyclicality in Italy, Paper provided by Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in its series IZA Discussion Papers with number 2465. Solon, G. , Barsky, R. and Parker, J. A. (1994) Measuring the cyclicality of real wages: How important is composition bias? , The Quarterly Journal of Econo mics, Vol:CIX,p. 1- 25. Swanson, E, 2007,Real wage cyclicality in the PSID, working paper series, Federal bank of San Francisco

Organic food Essay

We have all heard the phrase â€Å"What you don’t know won’t hurt you† and it has undoubtedly applied to many situations in our lives that we are still unaware of. We like to toss around this phrase without worrying too much about what it implies because that is the whole point of the phrase, not to worry. When it comes to what we are putting into our bodies, though, what we do not know can indeed hurt us immensely. In the United States, we have grown accustomed to not thinking much about what we are consuming. The main factors we look for in food are taste and price. We live in a consumer society where money rules our nation, it rules our lives, and it rules us. Money has become the main focus for every decision we make, but when it comes to something as important as our health, should we look at a few other factors? With societies concerns focusing on wealth and profit, there is no surprise that the food industry finds the cheapest ways to produce the most food. Consequently, this produces many negative effects on aspects of our lives such as our health and the environment. When choosing what foods to consume, we should begin to pay more attention to factors other than the price tag. The food industry obviously plays a big role in this epidemic of processed food, but they are not the only ones to blame. Yes they are the ones taking advantage of our ignorance by mass-producing cheap food that they know we will not think twice about, but the ignorance is our fault. Author of The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Michael Pollan, describes the current foundation of the food industry, â€Å"Our food system depends on consumers’ not knowing much about it beyond the price disclosed by the checkout scanner. Cheapness and ignorance are mutually reinforcing† (Pollan 245). Pollan is correct in his assumption that most Americans do not know much about their food besides how much it cost. Most of them are not even aware that they do not know what is in their food. They subconsciously assume that chicken is chicken and cheese is cheese, but unfortunately that is hardly ever the case. Many people choose to live along these guidelines of â€Å"ignorance is bliss† by not paying attention to the horror stories of the food industry; they turn their heads from documentaries on animal treatment and plug their ears at the mention of the real ingredients of their precious snacks. As long as the food they are eating tastes good and did not cost a lot of money, they are content with not knowing how unhealthy it might be. Pollan further explains another reason people buy the cheapest available food: It makes good economic sense that people with limited money to spend on food would spend it on the cheapest calories they can find, especially when the cheapest calories—fats and sugars—are precisely the ones offering the biggest neurobiological rewards. (Pollan 108) People with lower incomes are confined to buying cheap food, typically the most processed and unhealthy food, because with their limited funds they cannot afford to care about the quality of what they are eating. They buy what is cheapest because that is all they can get. As long as they have food in their stomachs, they do not complain or worry too much about the side affects. Eating food that may not be very healthy definitely outweighs the alternative of eating nothing and starving. Americans are ignorant of the food that they purchase either because they choose not to educate themselves or because they really have no choice. Either way, they are missing out on other possibilities of obtaining food that have many advantages. Not knowing what our food is made of also prevents us from knowing what alternative food options are available to us. Because we see no problems with our current food choices, we see no reason to discover new ones. The processed food at the supermarket is all we know because it is the most convenient and affordable from of nourishment we can obtain. Pollan’s book includes the testimony of someone who buys food from a local, organic farmer, â€Å"†¦for me it’s all about the taste, which is just so different—this is a chickinier chicken. Art’s chickens just taste cleaner, like the chicken I remember when I was a kid† (Pollan 252). The food available from local farmers is not only better for our health and the environment but it also tastes better. We have grown accustomed to the artificially flavored food we buy from grocery stores and do not realize that the food we eat could taste better and more natural. The locally grown food tastes healthier and more natural because that is precisely what it is. The artificially engineered taste of chicken in a common chicken nugget is not what a chicken should taste like. Besides enhanced taste, buying from local farmers offers many other benefits as well. An organic farmer interviewed in The Omnivore’s Dilemma explains some more benefits of buying locally, With our food all of the costs are figured into the price. Society is not bearing the cost of water pollution, of antibiotic resistance, of food-borne illnesses, of crop subsidies, of subsidized oil and water—of all the hidden costs to the environment and the taxpayer that make cheap food seem cheap. (Pollan 243) One of the main reasons why people do not want to look into these alternative methods of eating is because they are more expensive. People overlook these opportunities because the organic food appears overpriced, but when you evaluate all these factors it might not be as overpriced as you might think. Yes the food is more expensive but it stands true that you get what you pay for. When paying more, you are receiving a whole lot more that benefits your health, community, and environment. The extra money that would be spent on food, you might save on your medical bills and taxes. Locally produced food is healthier for you and it carries a much less chance of containing disease and illness. Another bonus of buying from local farms: there is less pollution created than in the factories and slaughterhouses of the globalized food industry. If people became aware of alternative food options and the benefits associated with them, they would be more inclined to pay better attention to what they are buying. This would not only improve ones personal health, but also the environment. Although money remains a very important role in deciding what we purchase, it would benefit us to consider a few other aspects of the food that we buy. Paying attention to details such as what goes into the food, where it is produced, and how it is produced would lead us to make healthier decisions. More often than not, a satisfying answer to these questions will not be found in the food at our local supermarkets, but rather a local farmer. Buying from these farmers would mean supporting a healthy environment and body. Their production methods are healthier and much more environmentally friendly than any factories in a big-name food industry. While it may seem that this is a simple choice, many Americans will continue to ignore these truths. When it comes down to it, money rules everything and it will take a lot more than the promise of better health for people to overlook a price tag. They say ignorance is bliss, but when that ignorance leads to decisions that contaminate our bodies and our environment, the bliss will be short lived.

Globalisation and Free Trade Essay

Globalisation, also referred to as global integration is an important economic concept used to understand the economic, structural, political and cultural changes that have occurred in the world today. Globalisation is argued to have shaped the post-war world. Globalisation can be defined as the increase of interconnectedness between countries through international trade. The reduced policy barriers to trade and investment in the public sector and the reduced communication and transportation costs in the private sector are believed to be the main driving force behind globalisation (Frankel, 2006). Due to globalisation, the concept of free trade operates. Free trade is a policy where countries are able to trade freely with each other as there are no tariffs applied to imports and no quotas or subsidies applied to exports. According to the law of comparative advantage, the free trade policy allows both countries to gain mutually from trade – increasing economic growth. The increase in inequality and job losses which is occurring around the world is argued to be as a result of global logic of competitive profit-making management techniques of outsourcing and corporate migrations, atomisation, downsizing and widespread technological progress which all came about as a result of globalisation and free trade (Ukpere and Slabbert, 2007) Due to some consequences of globalisation, movements were formed against it (Krugman et al, 2012). The anti-globalisation movements argue that although globalisation increases the overall income of a country however the benefits are not equally distributed between the citizens. This widens income disparities which brings up social and welfare issues and could also limit the forces which drive economic growth as opportunities brought about as a result of globalisation may not be fully taken advantage of. Maintaining citizens support is important in order to sustain globalisation, however support shown by citizens could largely be influenced by the rising level of inequality (Subir Lall et al, 2012). The Ricardian Model of comparative advantage states that goods are produced competitively using one factor of production; labour, utilising constant-returns-to-scale technologies that vary across countries and goods (Deardorff,2007) . The Ricardian model puts forward that countries would export the good in which they have comparative advantage which is determined by opportunity cost, labour cost and labour productivity. A country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries (Krugman et al, 2012). The Ricardian model illustrates a world with two countries, A and B which both utilise a single factor of production – labour in producing good X and Y respectively. Assuming country A has comparative advantage in producing good X, then country A should specialise in the production of good X and would export it to country B. Since it is more cost effective for country B to import good X , Production of good X would decline in country B leading to a reduction in the demand for labour. As a result workers would lose their jobs leaving them with less disposable income – increasing inequality. As a result of globalisation, the cost of communication between countries is low, reducing the cost of controlling the geographically dispersed parts of an organisation. This allows organisations identify countries which have low production costs and set up branches in such countries in order to exploit the low production costs. This is referred to as outsourcing. Through this fragmentation of industry, the host countries are able to pursue their comparative advantage and maximise the use of their resources. However due to outsourcing, the movement of production to the host country causes people in the foreign country to be laid off their jobs as there is a decline in the demand for labour, increasing job losses and also the inequality gap. The factor-proportions theory stresses the importance of the interaction between the proportions of the factors of production that are utilised by countries in production and the proportion of the factors of production the country possesses (Krugman et al, 2012). The Hecksher- Ohlin model is a version of the factor-proportions theory . The model assumes that the country that is abundant in a factor exports the good whose production is intensive in that factor and can be referred to as â€Å"2 by 2 by 2†: Two factors of production, two goods, two countries (Krugman et al, 2012). Assuming we have two countries, country A and B which utilise two factors of production; labour and land to produce goods X(labour intensive) and Y(land intensive) respectively. The Hecksher-Ohlin model states that If country A has abundance of Labour and country B has abundance of land then country A would be effective in the production of good X and country B would be effective in the production of good Y. The Hecksher-Ohlin model purports that owners of abundant factors benefit from international trade and owners of scarce factor would lose from trade. Owners of the scarce factor would then be forced to lay off some workers – leading to disparities in the distribution of income which increases inequality (Krugman et al, 2012). The Stopler- Samuelson theory describes an interaction between relative factor rewards and the relative prices of goods. The theory purports that under some economic conditions (perfect competition, constant returns, equal number of goods produced to equal number of factors) the rise in market price of a good would result in an rise in the return to that factor that is most intensively utilised in producing that good whereas a reduction in the return to the other factor occurs. Due to free trade, there are reduced tariffs on imports and as a result, there is a decrease in the price of imported goods that are high skill-intensive reducing compensation of limited high-skilled workers. Also, there in as increase in the price of exported goods which the country has abundant factor, that are low skill-intensive and the compensation of low-skilled workers. In a developed country with relatively abundant high-skill factors the opposite would occur with a rise in openness resulting in higher inequality. Inequality is argued to be rising amongst countries. The differences between the global poor and global rich continues to increase (Haines, 2001). The income share of the richest quintile is increasing whilst the income share of the rest of the quintiles is decreasing. Although globalisation is argued to be largely responsible for the increase in job losses and inequality, we can also argue that technological progress has contributed to some extent. Technological progress is responsible for the increasing gap between the skilled and unskilled workforce as it puts greater importance on worker skills. As a result of this, in most countries skilled workers are paid significantly higher wages than unskilled workers as a result leading to differences in income distribution. Also, in most households nowadays, we’ll find that most people use telephones and computers, making it possible for individuals to purchase a wide range of goods and services from a global supply chain. Countries that sell goods and services at a lower price compared to other countries tend to have comparative advantage in producing the good according to the Ricardian Model. As individuals we tend to then purchase goods from the country which sells it at the lowest price when compared to other countries. These current patterns have led to a large section of the labour market withering away, increasing inequality and job losses amongst countries (Martin and Schumann, 1997). Samuelson (2004) indicated that using the Ricardian model, with two goods and two countries with different levels of productivity, technological progress in the lagging country would benefit the latter and the more developed country would end up losing from international trade. This reduces the mutual benefits from international trade – increasing inequality. In order to decrease the rising inequality and job losses the government should make providing easy and free access to education a matter of high importance. This gives unskilled and low income groups an opportunity to take advantage of opportunities which arise from globalisation as a result they would be able to lessen the disparities in income distribution and have more job opportunities (Subir Lall et al, 2012). Globalisation is believed to have significantly contributed to the increase in the overall wealth amongst countries however it has a disequalizing effect as access to wealth between the rich and poor segments of the population is unequal. Government should put in place policy reforms which are aimed at opening up access to finance, developing institutions that encourage lending to the low income groups in order to enhance the general distribution of income, which in turn helps to support the overall growth of the economy.

Warren G. Harding - 29th President of the United States

Warren G. Harding - 29th President of the United States Warren G. Hardings Childhood and Education Warren G. Harding was born on November 2, 1865 in Corsica, Ohio. His father was a doctor but he grew up on a farm. He learned at a small local school. At 15, he attended Ohio Central College and graduated in 1882. Family Ties Harding was the son of two doctor: George Tryon Harding and  Phoebe Elizabeth Dickerson. He had tour sisters and one brother. On  July 8, 1891, Harding married  Florence Mabel Kling DeWolfe. She was divorced with one son. Harding is known to have had two extramarital affairs while married to Florence. He had no legitimate children. However, he did have one daughter through an extramarital affair with Nan Britton. Warren G. Hardings Career Before the Presidency Harding tried being a teacher, an insurance salesman, and a reporter before buying a newspaper called the Marion Star. In 1899, he was elected as an Ohio State Senator. He served until 1903. He then was elected to be lieutenant governor of Ohio. He attempted to run for the governorship but lost in 1910. In 1915, he became a U.S. Senator from Ohio. He served until 1921 when he became president. Becoming the President Harding was nominated to run for president for the Republican Party as a dark horse candidate. His running mate was Calvin Coolidge. He was opposed by Democrat James Cox. Harding won easily with 61% of the vote. Events and Accomplishments of Warren G. Harding’s Presidency President Hardings time in office was marked by some major scandals. The most significant scandal was that of Teapot Dome. Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall secretly sold the right to oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming to a private company in exchange for $308,000 and some cattle. He also sold the rights to other national oil reserves. He was caught and ended up being sentenced to one year in jail. Other officials under Harding were also implicated or convicted of bribery, fraud, conspiracy, and other forms of wrongdoing. Harding died before the events affected his presidency. Unlike his predecessor, Woodrow Wilson, Harding did not support America joining the League of Nations. His opposition meant that America did not join at all. The body ended in failure without Americas participation. Even though America did not ratify the Treaty of Paris ending World War I, Harding did sign a joint resolution officially ending the state of war between Germany and America. In 1921-22, America agreed to a limit of arms according to a set tonnage ratio between Great Britain, the U.S., Japan, France, and Italy. Further, America entered pacts to respect Pacific property of Great Britain, France, and Japan and to preserve the Open Door Policy in China. During Hardings time, he also spoke out on civil rights and pardoned Socialist Eugene V. Debs who had been convicted of anti-war demonstrations during World War I. On August 2, 1923, Harding died of a heart attack. Historical Significance Harding is seen as one of the worst presidents in American History. Much of this is due to the number of scandals that his appointees were involved in. He was important for keeping America out of the League of Nations while meeting with key nations to attempt to limit arms. He created the Bureau of the Budget as the first formal budgetary body. His early death probably saved him from impeachment over the many scandals of his administration.

Effects of Drug and Alcohol Abuse on Domestic Violence Essays

Effects of Drug and Alcohol Abuse on Domestic Violence Essays Effects of Drug and Alcohol Abuse on Domestic Violence Essay Effects of Drug and Alcohol Abuse on Domestic Violence Essay Introduction Domestic force is besides known as spousal maltreatment, domestic maltreatment, confidant spouse force ( IPV ) or child maltreatment. It is hence defined as opprobrious behaviours by either one or both spouses in a relationship. Such intimate relationships include: household, dating, matrimony, cohabitation or friends. Domestic force take many signifiers such as physical aggression or maltreatment ( seize with teething, kicking, throwing objects to a spouse, striking, keeping, slapping, jostling ) , or menaces, stalking, bullying, ruling or commanding, sexual maltreatment, emotional maltreatment, economic want and inactive maltreatment which is besides known as covert maltreatment such as disregard. These maltreatments if invariably repeated can take to self injury, mental unwellness and an effort to perpetrate self-destruction. Drug maltreatment is besides known as substance maltreatment ; it is referred to as a maladaptive behaviour of the usage of drugs and alcoholic substance that is dependent. Some of the drugs which can be abused include: bhang, cocaine, intoxicant, Quaalude, benzodiazepines, opioids and pep pills among others. Using these drugs on a regular basis can take to lasting dependence, societal, physical and psychological injury which can be irreversible if non treated at the early phases. Harmonizing to the research conducted, drug and intoxicant maltreatment have a direct correlativity between these emerging domestic force issues. The research findings indicated that, domestic force is caused by high rates of drug and intoxicant maltreatment used by these violent and chesty people. Batterers abuse drugs and intoxicant which in bend addition the chance of domestic force. Drug maltreatment and domestic force interact and they are correlated therefore both of them should be addressed at the same time. A few instances of domestic force can offer equal guiding and guidance or wellness services plans for drug and intoxicant maltreaters. Spousal maltreatment Spousal maltreatment is a broad issue including sexual maltreatment, psychological maltreatment or emotional maltreatment, verbal maltreatment, fiscal maltreatment, economic maltreatment and physical maltreatment. The research shows that the culprits of spousal maltreatment can either be the female or male as can be the victims. However, most of the informations collected after carry oning research shows that, abused victims are largely female and battered work forces instances are rare. Drug maltreatment was rated as the major cause of this job brought approximately by the maltreatment of drugs. A spouse who is abused can go feeble, die and lack societal power of interaction hence remaining an stray life from his or her friends. Gender of attacker In most instances, adult females fall victims of slaying by an confidant spouse either in a matrimony, cohabitating, dating or in a friendly relationship. A research conducted in United States of America ( USA ) shows that ; out of 1,642 instances reported, three one-fourth ( 1,218 ) are female and merely 424 are male who are killed by their confidant spouse. This is regardless of which spouse ( male or female ) started the force. Harmonizing to the analysis done by Dr. Martin, F. from California State University in the section of Psychology, it indicated that adult females are more physically aggressive than their male opposite numbers in the relationship. However, research carried out by Kimmel Michael found out that, work forces are the chief cause of domestic struggles and force ; because adult females overestimate the usage of force as work forces underestimate it. On the other manus, the National Institute of Justice on its surveies found out that, work forces are abused by adu lt females every bit or even more than they abuse adult females. In both surveies, it does non give facts on who started or initiated the force or struggle. Straus and Gelles found out that, domestic force ensuing from drug maltreatment is normally common with both spouses brawling and reacting every bit. Womans have been known to utilize arms while contending ( domestic force ) whether by throwing frying pans, home bases, cups or mugs. It has besides been proven that, adult females can seek aid from other people if they are determined to kill their confidant partner ; nevertheless, such incidences are non counted as domestic force but slaying. There are three common types of domestic twosome force associated with drug maltreatment and these are: common twosome force ( CCV ) , violent terrorist act ( IT ) and common violent control ( MVC ) . The common twosome force arises when either of the spouses or both try to command the behaviour of his or her partner floging out at the other spouse with ill will. Intimate terrorist act is more common type of force and it is non common hence will affect serious hurts and contusions. It may include psychological and emotional maltreatments if one spouse is dominant and he or she is under the influence of drugs. Barrett, Meisner and Stewart, Sharper. What constitutes prescription drug abuse: jobs and booby traps of current conceptualisation? Pittburgh: Pittburgh Publishing Press, 1999 ( 3 ) 260-28 Barrett and Steward ( 1999 ) in their book have mentioned the drugs and intoxicant maltreatment and how it causes domestic force. Both of these writers explain the steps to be taken in order to battle domestic force. This is really of import when analysing the causes of drug dependence and the negative effects to 1s spouse and other household members. The writers excessively have given statistics on the research conducted in America in the last 20 old ages. The research findings as explained by the writers show that drug maltreatment and domestic force is on the rise. With the grounds of research findings, it makes this book effectual and dependable to its audience because of the facts articulated. This book is indispensable because it explains the causes and effects of the maltreatment of drugs on the household members particularly between two spouses ( hubby and married woman ) . The findings as expressed by the writers target the full community ( household members, relations, neighbours and friends ) because drug maltreatment and domestic force take topographic point in the community where people live. The information in this book is effectual because it explains the negative effects Ferraro, Kathleen. Domestic Violence. Journal of Marriage and the Family, vol. 5, Issue 45, September/October 2008, Pages: 34-46 The diary by Ferraro ( 2008 ) explains how domestic force has been promoted by drug and intoxicant maltreatment by some members in the household. The article by Ferraro, 2008 have provided proved research grounds that work forces abuse drugs and intoxicant at a high rate than adult females. The writer has besides made it clear that, emphasis and hard economic and fiscal state of affairs are the major grounds for most people to mistreat drugs. However, in this article, the writer has failed to explicate other negative effects of drug abuse apart from domestic force. The writer excessively has targeted ( audience ) the young persons, parents and community at big by guaranting that the diary is low-cost to the bulk of these audiences. This makes the diary to be dependable and effectual with good researched information. The diary has given types of domestic force and the definition of drug maltreatment and domestic force. The writer has used simple, clear but easy to understand footings so as to do the information on drug maltreatment and domestic force to be comprehended easy by all users. Follingstad, Daniel. The Role of Emotional Abuse in Physically Abusive Relationships. Journal of Family Violence, vol. 4, Issue 5, January/February 1998, Pages: 107-120 This diary of household force by Follingstad ( 1998 ) is another indispensable and utile article in my research ; on effects of drug maltreatment and alcohol addiction on domestic force. The writer of this diary has vividly brought out how drug maltreatment can impact relationship in the household. He has besides elaborated that adult females and kids suffer most in the household from emotional and physical maltreatment than work forces. However, he has indicated that, some work forces excessively are victims of domestic force but non at a high rate as adult females experience. This diary will be effectual and dependable when analysing the effects of drug and intoxicant maltreatment because, it gives a general apprehension on the causes and effects particularly to those in an confidant relationship and other household members. The writer has grounds on the drug and domestic force collected from the research he conducted in many states such as Germany, United States of America, France , Canada, Nigeria, Singapore and Iraq. This article will assist me give an luxuriant decision because of the facts contained in it. This article is of import because it targets all people in the society including young persons, work forces, adult females, kids, married and people in any signifier of relation who may fall victims of domestic force. Jaffe, Hellony. Drug dependence and maltreatment. Journal of Drugs and substance maltreatment, vol. 4. Issue 12, November/December 2002, Pages 50-69 This is an article by Jaffe ( 2002 ) about drug dependence and maltreatment ; it has given facts on drug and substance maltreatment. The writer has connected thoughts and gave luxuriant information that concerns the society on the negative effects of the drugs and intoxicant. The diary besides exemplifies into the wellness concerns of the people and largely on the domestic force caused by those who misuse the drugs such as cocaine and bhang. Jaffe s research findings have been used to educate people particularly the young persons who are in school to avoid utilizing illegal drugs. From an analysis of this diary, one is able to recognize and appreciate how it has helped many people change their lives and attitude towards drugs. It is clear that, the writer of this article is systematic and direct to the point in showing his positions and thoughts. This is really good because the diary has addressed chief issues on drug maltreatment and domestic force and how to cover with this job. Th is diary holding systematic information ensures that its audience gets dependable information hence guaranting effectivity during execution of recommendations the writer suggested. The diary could hold dwelled more on negative effects of drugs on their wellness alternatively of concentrating merely on domestic force because it could hold assisted drug nuts to alter their attitude towards drugs. These journal findings are effectual and dependable because of the groundss from the research conducted by the writer of this diary. Jolivet, Christie. Prevention of anti-social and violent behaviour. Journal of violent behaviour, vol. 2, Issue 7, March/April 2005, Pages 56-76 In this diary, Jolivet has in-depth information on bar of anti-social and violent behaviours which are caused by the drug addicts in the community. The writer has given grounds of the domestic force in assorted states. She collected this grounds, from interviews she conducted and the questionnaires she distributed to people in different states. Her research findings are hence dependable in composing the proposal on the effects of drugs and intoxicant maltreatment on the household members on domestic force. This diary by Jolivet has wide and deep illustration of the current or recent domestic force from different states. This makes her journal effectual since the information contained marks those who are married because most maltreatments occur in the household. The writer has explained how bad company ( friends ) , media ( wireless, Television and magazines ) and deficiency of set social moral values and norms have contributed to an influence on people to indulge in drugs. The writer has explained ways of controling or battling illegal drugs from making many people. She has emphasized on guiding and reding plans to be introduced in all small towns, churches and schools as a manner of assisting people who are already drug nut and those who have been physically or emotionally abused in the yesteryear. Steering and reding married twosomes on domestic force will assist cut down such incidences by 87 % . Therefore, her findings are effectual and dependable since she has suggested the most possible and practical solutions to this job together with the research findings. Nutt, King. Development of a rational graduated table to measure the injury of drugs of possible abuse. Journal of Domestic force, vol.6, Issue 8, April/May 2003, Pages 80-103 This is a diary by an writer called Nutt. In his article, the writer has criticized the governments particularly the authorities ; he expressed his concerns that the authoritiess has failed to use the appropriate Torahs to collar and prosecute the providers of drugs. He farther blamed the people who have been victims of domestic force for neglecting to describe such incidences to the governments for action to be taken. In the article, there is demand for non governmental organisation, authorities, schools and spiritual establishments to educate people on the effects of drugs. The writer of this diary further stresses the point that, stringent regulations and ordinances ( Torahs ) must be legislated so as to reduces and deter people from mistreating drugs ; hence cut downing domestic force and maltreatments being experienced. Because the writer has articulated on facts, this makes the diary to be dependable and effectual in covering with this threat of drug abuse doing domestic force. This is because it targets all people in the society therefore effectual because it aims at work outing the job utilizing facts. Lert, Susan. America s Drug Problem. Making a Monster Newspaper, 4TH April, 2009. National Institute on Drug Abuse. The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction. Scholarstic Classroom Magazines Partnership, 27th September, 2002 Lert ( 2002 ) in the newspaper scholarstic schoolroom magazine, he gives a clear prevue on America s drug maltreatment job and how it affects the economic place of a state. The writer of this article in the newspaper has suggested early marks of a individual who have been abused and a possible redress. The writer ( Lert ) further mentioned that, though the married woman may mistreat the hubby or frailty versa, the kids will be affected negatively either straight or indirectly. The writer farther acknowledges that, social ethical motives and norms have deteriorated hence people lack steering rules on what is good or bad, right or incorrect. This newspaper is dependable and effectual in research because of the in-depth information on the issue of drug and intoxicant maltreatment. Infact, the writer have found out that drug maltreatment is extremely correlated with domestic force doing it dependable because it will be used to supply solutions and a decision on all facts related to this subject. This magazine is hence of import when composing a proposal particularly on the effects of drugs and how it contributes to the domestic force. The writer of this article in the magazine targets all people in the society ( immature, old, married and singles ) because drug and intoxicant maltreatment affects all people either straight or indirectly. This article will hence be utile in seeking to place the major challenges confronting most households which are under the influence of drugs. The function of emotional maltreatment in physically opprobrious relationships. Retrieved on 29 September, 2010 from A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.springerlink.com/content/pr0737j033w3721l/ A ; gt ; In this web site on the function of emotional maltreatment in physically opprobrious relationships, it clearly explains how spouses in an confidant relationship can physically mistreat one another. This is because of the drugs and intoxicant influence. The website information is utile to me when analysing the major effects and grounds as to why spouses in a relationship can physically mistreat one another. The web site is dependable because it give the facts from the research conducted hence information is efficaciously pass oning or conveying the message needed to work out the job. In this instance, the information can make many people irrespective of the state since about all states have a web connexion hence people can log in and entree the information in their computing machines. However, the web site has no recent information on domestic force, even though the available information is valid and dependable when doing a decision. The web site besides gives an luxuriant account on the major challenges those in authority face as they try to command drug maltreatment which has led to increased domestic force. Depression, Substance Abuse and Domestic Violence. Retrieved on 29 September, 2010from A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.researchforum.org/media/RFdsd04.pdf A ; gt ; The web site above references how maltreatment of drugs causes depression, emphasis and domestic force. This web site is really of import because it gives an luxuriant dimension on drug maltreatment and how drug nuts have caused more harm to their households, friends and the community at big. The developers of this web site who contributed to this information are experienced on issues related to drugs and intoxicant and its impact. In the web site, the root cause of the job is foremost identified before the possible solutions are drafted. The information contained in the web is critical because it has touched on all countries including the most sensitive information on who are the drug traders. The information contained in this web site is dependable and effectual because it gives the facts based on the informations collected from the drug nut people in all states of the universe. Though this web information is luxuriant, it has failed to lucubrate on the most affected states with more people who are abused. The mark audiences in this web are people who can entree the cyberspace services and specifically those who have fallen victims of domestic force. Others who are targeted are the drug addicts so that they can be rehabilitated in order to populate a normal life out of drugs. Domestic Violence and Substance maltreatment. Retrieved on 29 September 2010 from A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.taadas.org/factsheets/DVFacts.html A ; gt ; The web site about domestic force and substance maltreatment is indispensable in covering with people who use drugs and intoxicant ensuing to domestic force. This web site is in favour of adult females and kids because research carried out shows that, they are largely affected by domestic force. The web is besides luxuriant because it gives statistics of the states taking in drug and substance maltreatment. These states are those in Africa and Asia. The chief ground for this is the high poorness degree hence people become hopeless and hence find ways of avoiding duties therefore indulging in drugs. Those who carried out this research for this web site are knowing because they are able to give elaborate information supported by facts which can be relied upon. This web site will be utile to me in the treatment of the effects of drug maltreatment and how it contributes to domestic force. Though other writers of different books, diaries and magazines have argued that, adult females are affected most when domestic force erupts ; this web site has the most recent statistics demoing that work forces who are being battered or abused are on the addition. The web site besides has the most recent and the current information doing it to be more dependable because it was carried out by professional research workers. Having recent statistics makes it effectual in presenting the intended message in a clearer mode in that it can be understood because of its lucidity and clearcutness. Causes of drug and intoxicant maltreatment on domestic force There are many causes associated with drugs abuse that make people to indulge in drugs. As it is said that, bad company ruins good moral ; many people have confessed that their friends introduced them to take drugs. With the influence of drugs, people become aggressive and violent particularly to their confidant spouse, kids, friends and their fellow or miss friend. Research has shown that, some people can make up ones mind to utilize drugs because of emphasis, difficult economic times, and depression or lose of a spouse or a parent who was a exclusive staff of life victor. Effectss of drug maltreatment and intoxicant on domestic force Drug maltreatment has negative impacts to the people and society. There are no positive effects though some people believe that, some of the drugs are medicative in nature and can bring around some unwellnesss. Peoples who are drug nuts have been known to do force particularly to their spouses. This is evidenced between a married woman and a hubby where one of the spouses can be battered or abused by the other. This has been proven to increase degrees of emphasis and depression in the household. Due to misconstruing, struggles and battles between the married woman and hubby, will impact the kids either straight or indirectly. The kids will non acquire the attending, attention and love or fondness they need. Due to the influence of drugs, a spouse in an confidant relationship may be killed, bruised or injured. In most states, due to changeless maltreatment ( sexual or physical maltreatment ) some married twosomes have divorced, some broke up their friendly relationship or wooing before acquiring married. Under such fortunes, kids schooling will non execute as expected and others may drop out because the parents are no longer responsible to pay school fees and to supply school uniforms. If kids are non taken attention of, they will free hope and in the long tally indulge in drugs therefore doing more jobs to the society, household and their organic structures. Because the kids lack basic demands, they will make anything bad to acquire some money to purchase nutrient including stealing. Insecurity will increase larceny and robbery with force and colza instances will lift due to miss of ethical motives due to drugs influence. It is hence clear that drugs and intoxicant affects people s wellness and causes disunity and tenseness in households. Possible solutions Many people particularly the medical experts have suggested some possible solutions to this job. For those who are already addicted with drugs, rehabilitation centres or establishments should be established. Such rehabilitation centres will help those who are chronic because proper medical attending will be provided by qualified doctors. Parents have a greater duty to take attention of their kids by transfusing subject and good ethical motives in them. Responsible parents will train their kids with an purpose of rectifying them when they do anything incorrect. This will guarantee that kids will non tie in with some people or friends with bad wonts such as smoke, taking intoxicant or other drugs such as cocaine and bhang. In every society or community, there are ethical motives, norms and regulations which must be adhered to by all people. These ethical motives and norms forbid immoral actions such as drug maltreatment and domestic force. Religious establishment must get down guiding and guidance plans so as to steer and advocate people with psychological jobs associated with drugs and domestic force. Steering and reding plans should be supported by the authorities by guaranting that every small town has atleast two qualified guiding and guidance experts. The authorities should ordain rigorous Torahs to penalize those involved in drug trafficking in the state. Those got prosecuting in domestic force Acts of the Apostless such as banging, sexual torment, seize with teething and crushing must confront the jurisprudence and be a lesson to them and discourage others from making the same. The wellness section should besides play a major function in educating people in small towns and all learning establishments on the effects of drugs and intoxicant on their wellness.

Using Evaluation Tools To Assess Quality Improvement Efforts Term Paper

Using Evaluation Tools To Assess Quality Improvement Efforts Term Paper Using Evaluation Tools To Assess Quality Improvement Efforts – Term Paper Example Using Evaluation Tools to Assess Quality Improvement Efforts Using Evaluation Tools to Assess Quality Improvement Efforts It is important for healthcare managers or leaders to understand and comprehend the importance of measuring performance and outcomes. This paper describes a balance scorecard as an example of an evaluation tool, the benefits of applying it, and explicates how I could use the results from the evaluation to support the organizations overarching goals for quality improvement. A balanced scorecard is defined by Kaplan and Norton (1992) as "a set of measures that gives top managers a fast but comprehensive view of business and includes financial measures that tell the results of actions already taken" (p. 71). Additionally, Kaplan and Norton (1992) notes that a balanced scorecard makes it possible for leaders to perceive their businesses in different viewpoint including the customers, stakeholders, growth, and financial viewpoint. In addition, it allows leaders to iden tify whether they can maintain their endeavors through constantly creating value and also allows them to focus on a range of measures of importance as it does not limit them (Balanced Scorecard Institute, 2015). In relation to reducing clinic wait times therefore, a balanced scorecard allows the healthcare leaders understand the needs of the patients and stakeholders as they are able to envision outcomes from different perspectives. Based on the course project, the overarching goal for quality improvement is to reduce overall clinic wait times A balanced scorecard can help me understand all the processes necessary to achieve improved quality hence enhancing the implementation of quality improvement plans. Thus, I can use the results from the evaluation to identify areas of weakness that need improvement in a bid to reduce the clinic wait times. In a nutshell, a balanced scorecard is a performance evaluation tool that makes it possible for managers to view their business a range of perspectives particularly the customers, financial, stakeholders, and business development perspectives. ReferencesBalanced Scorecard Institute. (2015). Balanced Scorecard Basics. Retrieved from http://balancedscorecard.org/Resources/About-the-Balanced-Scorecard Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1992). The balanced scorecard- Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 70(1), 71–79.

The impact of Burmese pythons on Floridas native biodiversity

The impact of Burmese pythons on Floridas native biodiversity Literature Review Southern Florida is famous for its subtropical climate and warmth. Although the region has developed a lot in recent years, there is still enough land left to accommodate thousands of animals and plants. Historically, Southern Florida has been home to diverse native species but lately, it has been invaded by native species that are proving hard to control (Carmichael Williams, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The impact of Burmese pythons on Floridas native biodiversity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the last few years, Python molurus bivittatus, popularly known as the Burmese python, has gained a lot of attention in Southern Florida. Managing the python’s population has proved futile and although its population is not supported well by existing scientific studies, so far more than 1,000 pythons have already been isolated from this region (Barker Barker, 2008). Burmese pythons a re mainly known to inhabit mangroves, lowlands, subtropical and tropical habitants within an area of 1200 meters. The pythons are overly dependent on bodies of water and wetlands and this remains by far their single most limiting factor (Baker Baker, 2008). Hundreds of native wildlife species have found a home in Florida’s Everglades National Park. In addition, the non-native Burmese pythons, which now scientists claim are a danger to native species, have established themselves in the national park. For the first time, scientists have undertaken a detailed analysis with a view to determining how the Burmese pythons could impact on a number of endangered native birds in Florida. They are also determined to assess the avian component of the Burmese python’s diet. Records show that the Burmese pythons moved to the Everglades from its native Southeast Asia region in 1979 (Baker Baker, 2008). Over the years, the species has increased in number and it is now estimated that there are tens of thousands of Burmese pythons in the region. Scientists from the South Florida Natural Resource Center, the Smithsonian institute and the University of Florida have undertaken studies to assess the predation behavior of the Burmese pythons on birds in the area. According to the findings, birds make up about 25 percent of the Burmese python’s diet. These birds include the endangered species as well (Dove et al, 2011, p. 127). Dove et al further contends that since the birds had not evolved in tandem with the Burmese python as a predator, in this respect, the python poses a great danger to the pollution of native birds within the region.Advertising Looking for report on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Between 2003 and 2008, a total of 343 Burmese python were collected by scientist in Everglades National Park. In their studies, the revealed that the intestinal tracts of eighty five of t he collected Burmese pythons contained bird remains. Using the collection specimen of bone fragments and feathers from the Smithsonian institute, the study identified more than 25 species of birds (Dove et al, 2011). Some of the varieties of birds revealed by the study include the limpkin and little blue heron. The two species are endangered. The study also identified the remains of another endangered species- the wood stork. The Burmese python is a real threat to conservation and control efforts because of its high reproduction rate. In addition, it consumes different species of birds and also tends to live longer (Dove et al, 2011, p. 127). The widespread and rapid invasion that characterizes the Burmese python is also believed to have been caused by its ability to adapt to diverse habitats, ability to move long distances, as well as a broader dietary preference (Snow et al, 2007). In comparison with the hatchlings of native species, those of the Burmese python tend to be much lar ger. They are also less susceptible to attacks by predators. Consequently, they can effectively compete with other predators for habitat, space, and food (Gibbons, 2011). There is a looming danger following the release of the pythons in the region since it is able to thrive in the Everglades, with its undisturbed and vast habitats. Although a larger population of the Burmese python is thought to occupy the ENP area, they have also been found to occupy more remote and new locations (Harvey et al, 2011). As competitors and predators, Burmese pythons remain a great threat to the wildlife within the South Florida region. A rising wild population of the Burmese pythons can cause great ecological problems in the region and also hinder efforts to successfully conserve the wildlife in the greater Everglades. Because Burmese pythons are excellent swimmers there is a growing concern that they could invade the Florida Keys area that is known to be biologically vulnerable. The dietary habits of the Burmese python also pose danger to indigo snakes as they compete for food. The federal and state governments have both identified this particular species as endangered (Reed, 2005, p. 256). There are also concerns that the human safety could be at risk. Although there lacks evidence to show that the species hunt humans, nonetheless, a number of Burmese python owners are believed to have been killed by these skins while in captive. There is also the danger that large Burmese snakes may stretch across the roads, thereby endangering the lives of motorists.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The impact of Burmese pythons on Floridas native biodiversity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Barker, D. G., Barker, T. M. (2008).The Distribution of the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc, 43(3):33–38. Carmichael, P., Williams, W. (2006). Floridas Fabulous Reptiles and Amp hibians.  Tenth edition. Hawaiian Gardens, CA: World Publications. Dove, C.J., Snow, R.W., Rochford, M.R., Mazzotti, F. J. (2011). Birds consumed by the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Wilson J. Ornithol. 123(1):126-131. Gibbons, J. (2011). Invasive Burmese pythons are taking a toll on Florida’s native birds. Web. Harvey, R. G., Brien, M. L., Cherkiss, M., Dorcas, M., Rochford, M., Snow, R. W., Mazzoti, F. J. (2008). Burmese pythons in South Florida: scientific support for invasive species management. Retrieved from University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences website: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw286 Reed, R. N. (2005). An ecological risk assessment of nonnative boas and pythons as potentially invasive species in the United States. Risk Analysis, 25(3):753-7. Snow, R. W., Brien, M. L., Cherkiss, M. S., Wilkins, L., Mazzotti, F. J. (2007). Dietary habits of Burmese python, Python molurus bi vittatus, from Everglades National Park, Florida. Herpetological Bulletin, 101:5-7.Advertising Looking for report on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More